The complete version of the Friis’ transmission equation includes additional terms but they are not shown here for the sake of simplicity. We care about the signal power received because weak signal power results in dropped calls and increased susceptibility to interference. However, this dependency is quadratic, meaning, if the frequency is doubled, the power decreases four times if the distance increases ten times, the power decays one hundred times. The power also depends on the frequency of the signal and the distance between the receiver and transmitter antennas. Friis’ equation, shown in the figure above, says that the power of the signal received by our cell phone (Pr) is proportional to the power emitted by the transmitter (Pt) in our example, the base station is the transmitter. The distance between the receiver and transmitter is R, and f is the carrier frequency of the transmitted signal. The Friis transmission equation describes the RF signal power transmitted from an emitting antenna to a receiving antenna, such as between a 5G base station to a mobile phone or vice versa. With its inter-disciplinary teams of engineers, scientists, and regulatory experts, Exponent can help you with overcoming technical challenges and meeting compliance requirements in this emerging market.īefore we discuss 5G, let us review one of the most fundamental equations of the telecommunication engineering: the Friis’ transmission equation 1. With these advanced features, 5G will be the backbone of next generation technologies such as driverless cars and the Internet of Things (IoT) while bringing new technological challenges. 5G will rely on small cells installed every few blocks and closer to the ground than today's tower-top radios scattered every few miles and it will significantly increase the amount of data exchanged among users without utilizing network provider’s resources. 5G operates at higher frequencies than today's wireless networks and uses new advanced technologies such as massive antenna arrays, to provide better speed and coverage while decreasing latency, the delay before a transfer of data actually begins. The mobile communication industry is about to start its latest revolution: fifth-generation (5G) wireless broadband technology.
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